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          rpm软件安装
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        <p><span style="color:Chocolate;text-align:center;display:inline-block;width:100%;">RPM是red hat及其衍生产品（如CentOS和Fedora）使用的包管理系统。
</span><br><span id="more"></span></p>
<h5 id="使用yum安装rpm软件包"><a href="#使用yum安装rpm软件包" class="headerlink" title="使用yum安装rpm软件包"></a>使用yum安装rpm软件包</h5><ol>
<li><p>下载你要安装的rpm文件</p>
</li>
<li><p>使用命令<code>sudo yum localinstall file.rpm</code>进行安装</p>
</li>
<li><p>期间，yum会提示你需要的一些依赖项，如果缺少的话，需要安装。</p>
</li>
<li><p>如果安装的包，不合适的话，可以使用下面命令删除</p>
<p><code>sudo yum remove file.rpm</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="使用yum安装rpm软件包-1"><a href="#使用yum安装rpm软件包-1" class="headerlink" title="使用yum安装rpm软件包"></a>使用yum安装rpm软件包</h5><p>RPM是一种低级工具，可用于安装，卸载和升级RPM软件包。</p>
<ol>
<li>使用命令<code>sudo rpm -ivh file.rpm</code>来安装软件包</li>
<li>使用命令<code>sudo rpm -Uvh file.rpm</code>来更新软件包</li>
<li>使用命令<code>sudo rpm -e file.rpm</code>来删除软件包</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="安装报错，rpm-error-quot-does-not-verify-no-digest-quot"><a href="#安装报错，rpm-error-quot-does-not-verify-no-digest-quot" class="headerlink" title="安装报错，rpm error &quot;does not verify: no digest&quot;"></a>安装报错，<code>rpm error "does not verify: no digest"</code></h5><p>as workaround,</p>
<p><code>rpm -ivh --nodigest --nofiledigest /tmp/managesoft-13.1.1-1.x86_64.rpm</code></p>
<h5 id="linux中各种括号的使用"><a href="#linux中各种括号的使用" class="headerlink" title="linux中各种括号的使用"></a>linux中各种括号的使用</h5><ol>
<li><p>单小括号<code>()</code></p>
<ul>
<li>命令组</li>
<li>命令替换</li>
<li>初始化数组</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>双小括号<code>(())</code></p>
<ul>
<li><p>整数扩展</p>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<ul>
<li>只要括号中的运算符、表达式符合C语言运算规则，都可用在<mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.566ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="128.586ex" height="2.262ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 -750 56835 1000"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mo"><path data-c="28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(389,0)"><path data-c="28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" 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transform="translate(17097,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">进</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(18097,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">位</text></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(19097,0)"><path data-c="28" d="M94 250Q94 319 104 381T127 488T164 576T202 643T244 695T277 729T302 750H315H319Q333 750 333 741Q333 738 316 720T275 667T226 581T184 443T167 250T184 58T225 -81T274 -167T316 -220T333 -241Q333 -250 318 -250H315H302L274 -226Q180 -141 137 -14T94 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(19486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">如</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(20486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">二</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(21486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">进</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(22486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">制</text></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(23486,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">、</text></g></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(24486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">八</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(25486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">进</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(26486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">制</text></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(27486,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">、</text></g></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(28486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">十</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(29486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">六</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(30486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">进</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(31486,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">制</text></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(32486,0)"><path data-c="29" d="M60 749L64 750Q69 750 74 750H86L114 726Q208 641 251 514T294 250Q294 182 284 119T261 12T224 -76T186 -143T145 -194T113 -227T90 -246Q87 -249 86 -250H74Q66 -250 63 -250T58 -247T55 -238Q56 -237 66 -225Q221 -64 221 250T66 725Q56 737 55 738Q55 746 60 749Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(32875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">运</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(33875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">算</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(34875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">时</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(35875,0)"><text data-variant="italic" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif" font-style="italic">，</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(36875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">输</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(37875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">出</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(38875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">结</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(39875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">果</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(40875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">全</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(41875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">都</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(42875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">自</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(43875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">动</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(44875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">转</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(45875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">化</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(46875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">成</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(47875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">了</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(48875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">十</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(49875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">进</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(50875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">制</text></g><g data-mml-node="TeXAtom" data-mjx-texclass="ORD" transform="translate(51875,0)"><g data-mml-node="mo"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">。</text></g></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(52875,0)"><text data-variant="normal" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif">如</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(53875,0)"><text data-variant="italic" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px" font-family="serif" font-style="italic">：</text></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(54875,0)"><path data-c="1D452" d="M39 168Q39 225 58 272T107 350T174 402T244 433T307 442H310Q355 442 388 420T421 355Q421 265 310 237Q261 224 176 223Q139 223 138 221Q138 219 132 186T125 128Q125 81 146 54T209 26T302 45T394 111Q403 121 406 121Q410 121 419 112T429 98T420 82T390 55T344 24T281 -1T205 -11Q126 -11 83 42T39 168ZM373 353Q367 405 305 405Q272 405 244 391T199 357T170 316T154 280T149 261Q149 260 169 260Q282 260 327 284T373 353Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(55341,0)"><path data-c="1D450" d="M34 159Q34 268 120 355T306 442Q362 442 394 418T427 355Q427 326 408 306T360 285Q341 285 330 295T319 325T330 359T352 380T366 386H367Q367 388 361 392T340 400T306 404Q276 404 249 390Q228 381 206 359Q162 315 142 235T121 119Q121 73 147 50Q169 26 205 26H209Q321 26 394 111Q403 121 406 121Q410 121 419 112T429 98T420 83T391 55T346 25T282 0T202 -11Q127 -11 81 37T34 159Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(55774,0)"><path data-c="210E" d="M137 683Q138 683 209 688T282 694Q294 694 294 685Q294 674 258 534Q220 386 220 383Q220 381 227 388Q288 442 357 442Q411 442 444 415T478 336Q478 285 440 178T402 50Q403 36 407 31T422 26Q450 26 474 56T513 138Q516 149 519 151T535 153Q555 153 555 145Q555 144 551 130Q535 71 500 33Q466 -10 419 -10H414Q367 -10 346 17T325 74Q325 90 361 192T398 345Q398 404 354 404H349Q266 404 205 306L198 293L164 158Q132 28 127 16Q114 -11 83 -11Q69 -11 59 -2T48 16Q48 30 121 320L195 616Q195 629 188 632T149 637H128Q122 643 122 645T124 664Q129 683 137 683Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(56350,0)"><path data-c="1D45C" d="M201 -11Q126 -11 80 38T34 156Q34 221 64 279T146 380Q222 441 301 441Q333 441 341 440Q354 437 367 433T402 417T438 387T464 338T476 268Q476 161 390 75T201 -11ZM121 120Q121 70 147 48T206 26Q250 26 289 58T351 142Q360 163 374 216T388 308Q388 352 370 375Q346 405 306 405Q243 405 195 347Q158 303 140 230T121 120Z"/></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container>((16#5f)) 结果为95<br>(16进位转十进制)</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>单纯用 (( )) 也可重定义变量值，比如 a=5; ((a++)) 可将 $a 重定义为6.</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><blockquote>
<p>常用于算术运算比较，双括号中的变量可以不使用符 号 前 缀 。 括 号 内 支 持 多 个 表 达 式 用 逗 号 分 开 。 只 要 括 号 中 的 表 达 式 符 合 C 语 言 运 算 规 则 , 比 如 可 以 直 接 使 用 f o r ( ( i = 0 ; i &lt; 5 ; i + + ) ) , 如 果 不 使 用 双 括 号 , 则 为 f o r i i n s e q 04 或 者 f o r i i n 0..4 。 再 如 可 以 直 接 使 用 i f ( ( 符号前缀。括号 内支持多个表达式用逗号分开。 只要括号中的表达式符合C语言运算规则, 比如可以直接使用for((i=0;i&lt;5;i++)), 如果不使用双括号, 则为for i in seq 0 4 或者for i in {0..4}。再如可以直接使用if ((符号前缀。括号内支持多个表达式用逗号分开。只要括号中的表达式符合C语言运算规则,比如可以直接使用for((i=0;i&lt;5;i++)),如果不使用双括号,则为foriinseq04或者foriin0..4。再如可以直接使用if((i&lt;5)), 如果不使用双括号,<br>则为if [ $i -lt 5 ]</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>单中括号<code>[]</code></p>
<ul>
<li>bash的内部命令，<code>[]</code>和<code>test</code>是等同的。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>如果我们不用绝对路径指明，通常我们用的都是bash自带的命令。if/test结构中的左中括号是调用test的命令标识，右中括号是关闭条件判断的。这个命令把它的参数作为比较表达式或者作为文件测试，并且根据比较的结果来返回一个退出状态码。if/test结构中并不是必须右中括号，但是新版的Bash中要求必须这样。</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>字符范围。用作正则表达式的一部分，描述一个匹配的字符范围。作为test用途的中括号内不能使用正则。</li>
<li>在一个array结构的上下文中，中括号用来引用数组中每个元素的编号。</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><p>双中括号<code>[[]]</code></p>
<blockquote>
<p>[[是 bash 程序语言的关键字。并不是一个命令，[[ ]] 结构比[ ]结构更加通用。在[[和]]之间所有的字符都不会发生文件名扩展或者单词分割，但是会发生参数扩展和命令替换。<br>支持字符串的模式匹配，使用=~操作符时甚至支持shell的正则表达式。字符串比较时可以把右边的作为一个模式，而不仅仅是一个字符串，比如[[ hello == hell? ]]，结果为真。[[ ]] 中匹配字符串或通配符，不需要引号。<br>使用[[ … ]]条件判断结构，而不是[ … ]，能够防止脚本中的许多逻辑错误。比如，&amp;&amp;、||、&lt;和&gt; 操作符能够正常存在于[[ ]]条件判断结构中，但是如果出现在[ ]结构中的话，会报错。比如可以直接使用if [[ <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.452ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="12.217ex" height="2.149ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 -750 5400 950"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="merror" data-mjx-error="Misplaced &" title="Misplaced &"><rect data-background="true" width="5400" height="950" y="-200"/><title>Misplaced &</title><g data-mml-node="mtext" style="font-family: serif;"><text data-variant="-explicitFont" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px">a !=1 &amp;&amp; </text></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container>a != 2 ]], 如果不适用双括号, 则为if [ <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.452ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="19.005ex" height="2.149ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 -750 8400 950"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="merror" data-mjx-error="Misplaced &" title="Misplaced &"><rect data-background="true" width="8400" height="950" y="-200"/><title>Misplaced &</title><g data-mml-node="mtext" style="font-family: serif;"><text data-variant="-explicitFont" transform="scale(1,-1)" font-size="884px">a -ne 1] &amp;&amp; [ </text></g></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container>a != 2 ]或者if [ <mjx-container class="MathJax" jax="SVG"><svg style="vertical-align: -0.186ex;" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="11.468ex" height="1.692ex" role="img" focusable="false" viewbox="0 -666 5068.9 748"><g stroke="currentColor" fill="currentColor" stroke-width="0" transform="scale(1,-1)"><g data-mml-node="math"><g data-mml-node="mi"><path data-c="1D44E" d="M33 157Q33 258 109 349T280 441Q331 441 370 392Q386 422 416 422Q429 422 439 414T449 394Q449 381 412 234T374 68Q374 43 381 35T402 26Q411 27 422 35Q443 55 463 131Q469 151 473 152Q475 153 483 153H487Q506 153 506 144Q506 138 501 117T481 63T449 13Q436 0 417 -8Q409 -10 393 -10Q359 -10 336 5T306 36L300 51Q299 52 296 50Q294 48 292 46Q233 -10 172 -10Q117 -10 75 30T33 157ZM351 328Q351 334 346 350T323 385T277 405Q242 405 210 374T160 293Q131 214 119 129Q119 126 119 118T118 106Q118 61 136 44T179 26Q217 26 254 59T298 110Q300 114 325 217T351 328Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(751.2,0)"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(1751.4,0)"><path data-c="1D45B" d="M21 287Q22 293 24 303T36 341T56 388T89 425T135 442Q171 442 195 424T225 390T231 369Q231 367 232 367L243 378Q304 442 382 442Q436 442 469 415T503 336T465 179T427 52Q427 26 444 26Q450 26 453 27Q482 32 505 65T540 145Q542 153 560 153Q580 153 580 145Q580 144 576 130Q568 101 554 73T508 17T439 -10Q392 -10 371 17T350 73Q350 92 386 193T423 345Q423 404 379 404H374Q288 404 229 303L222 291L189 157Q156 26 151 16Q138 -11 108 -11Q95 -11 87 -5T76 7T74 17Q74 30 112 180T152 343Q153 348 153 366Q153 405 129 405Q91 405 66 305Q60 285 60 284Q58 278 41 278H27Q21 284 21 287Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(2351.4,0)"><path data-c="1D452" d="M39 168Q39 225 58 272T107 350T174 402T244 433T307 442H310Q355 442 388 420T421 355Q421 265 310 237Q261 224 176 223Q139 223 138 221Q138 219 132 186T125 128Q125 81 146 54T209 26T302 45T394 111Q403 121 406 121Q410 121 419 112T429 98T420 82T390 55T344 24T281 -1T205 -11Q126 -11 83 42T39 168ZM373 353Q367 405 305 405Q272 405 244 391T199 357T170 316T154 280T149 261Q149 260 169 260Q282 260 327 284T373 353Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mn" transform="translate(2817.4,0)"><path data-c="31" d="M213 578L200 573Q186 568 160 563T102 556H83V602H102Q149 604 189 617T245 641T273 663Q275 666 285 666Q294 666 302 660V361L303 61Q310 54 315 52T339 48T401 46H427V0H416Q395 3 257 3Q121 3 100 0H88V46H114Q136 46 152 46T177 47T193 50T201 52T207 57T213 61V578Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mo" transform="translate(3539.7,0)"><path data-c="2212" d="M84 237T84 250T98 270H679Q694 262 694 250T679 230H98Q84 237 84 250Z"/></g><g data-mml-node="mi" transform="translate(4539.9,0)"><path data-c="1D44E" d="M33 157Q33 258 109 349T280 441Q331 441 370 392Q386 422 416 422Q429 422 439 414T449 394Q449 381 412 234T374 68Q374 43 381 35T402 26Q411 27 422 35Q443 55 463 131Q469 151 473 152Q475 153 483 153H487Q506 153 506 144Q506 138 501 117T481 63T449 13Q436 0 417 -8Q409 -10 393 -10Q359 -10 336 5T306 36L300 51Q299 52 296 50Q294 48 292 46Q233 -10 172 -10Q117 -10 75 30T33 157ZM351 328Q351 334 346 350T323 385T277 405Q242 405 210 374T160 293Q131 214 119 129Q119 126 119 118T118 106Q118 61 136 44T179 26Q217 26 254 59T298 110Q300 114 325 217T351 328Z"/></g></g></g></svg></mjx-container>a != 2 ]。<br>bash把双中括号中的表达式看作一个单独的元素，并返回一个退出状态码。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>大括号、花括号<code>{}</code></p>
</li>
</ol>
<h5 id="initial-heap-size-268435456-not-equal-to-maximum-heap-size-536870912"><a href="#initial-heap-size-268435456-not-equal-to-maximum-heap-size-536870912" class="headerlink" title="initial heap size [268435456] not equal to maximum heap size [536870912]"></a><code>initial heap size [268435456] not equal to maximum heap size [536870912]</code></h5><p>将<code>jvm.options</code>中的<code>-Xms</code>和<code>-Xmx</code>的值设置为相等。</p>
<h5 id="“打开ftp服务器上的文件夹时发生错误，请检查是否有权限访问该文件夹”"><a href="#“打开ftp服务器上的文件夹时发生错误，请检查是否有权限访问该文件夹”" class="headerlink" title="“打开ftp服务器上的文件夹时发生错误，请检查是否有权限访问该文件夹”"></a>“打开ftp服务器上的文件夹时发生错误，请检查是否有权限访问该文件夹”</h5><p>设置ie浏览器—Internet选项—高级—将“使用被动ftp（用于防火墙和DSL调制解调器的兼容）”选项去掉—确定即可。</p>

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